Discriminant

Discriminant Discriminant is an expression that is used to determine the properties of an equation. The Discriminant of an equation gives the number of roots and nature of roots. In quadratic equation ax^2 + b x+ c =0, the discriminant is b^2 4ac. This discriminant is used to find out number and nature of roots of quadratic equation. More on Discriminant If discriminant = 0 then equation has one real root. If discriminant 0, then the equation has 2 real roots. If discriminant 0, then the equation has two imaginary roots. Problem 1: Find out the number of solutions of the equation by using its discriminant. Check whether the solutions are real or imaginary. 3x^2 + 12 x + 12 = 0 Solution: Given equation is 3x^2 + 12 x + 12 = 0 = Now compare the equation with standard form ax^2 + b x + c= 0 = The value of a = 3, b = 12 and c=12 = We know Discriminant is b^2 - 4ac = Substitute the values: b^2 - 4ac = 12^2 4(3)(12) = 0 = Since the Discriminant = 0 the equation has one real solution. Problem 2: Find out the nature of roots of the Quadratic equation 2x^2 5x 12 = 0 by using its discriminant. Solution: Given equation is 2x^2 5x 12 = 0 = Now compare the given equation with standard form ax^2 + b x + c= 0 = The value of a = 2, b = -5 and c= -12 = Discriminant = b^2 - 4ac = (-5) ^ 2 4 (2) (-12) = 121 = Since, Discriminant = 121 0. = Therefore the roots are real and unequal.

Do you specialize - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / Do you specialize - Introvert Whisperer Do you specialize? Have you noticed that specializing is an important quality to have professionally?   If not, I’m here to drive home this point for your own consideration. People that have deep skills and knowledge in their professional area are THE hottest commodity.   People love it when they encounter someone whose knowledge about specific things exceeds what is considered “the norm”.   There are all sorts of reasons why this is the case. You probably don’t have to dig too deep into your own thinking to realize your own attraction to this type of professional. To give you a couple of examples to prompt your thinking about you: I had a personal trainer that did all of the things you would expect out of a trainer. In addition to that, he was THE trainer for developing people in Triathlons up to and including putting a team together for a minimum of two Triathlons per year.   He would also throw in the Hood to Coast relay.   He had a devoted group of people that worked with him year after year.   That translated into a huge, consistent revenue stream. I worked with a man who was in finance and accounting. As you can imagine, everyone in that department used the software Excel.   This man had learned to use Excel in ways no one else knew.   Needless to say, he was highly sought after to help with difficult analysis projects.   As he put it “I’m an Excel God”.   No brag, just fact. The point to all of this is if you want to become indispensable and a high-value asset to any business, become a specialist at something.   Every profession has the same opportunity to specialize.   When I worked at Intel, I specialized at making large change in process and organization.   As a Career Coach, I specialize in Introverts.   I have a friend who is a job search coach and he specializes in college students using social media.   This is especially good because there are so many job search coaches out there it’s hard to tell one from the other except this guy who is a standout. How do you know what to specialize in?   I think it’s the convergence of two things: 1- what you have a talent for doing or minimally a desire and 2- what is a need that people are consistently seeking solutions for?   This may require you to burn a brain cell or two to think about and possibly do research on but it will be worth it in the long run. Specializing means more income and more security.   Oh, and it makes the ego feel real good!     Who wouldn’t want those things? Go to top Do you know what your next career step is?   Many people don’t. I want to help you accelerate your career by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my eBook on how to construct your Career SMART Goals â€" that will help you put together your actions and keep you accountable. Get your copy now and start your action plan today! Brought to you by Dorothy Tannahill-Moran â€" dedicated to unleashing your professional potential. Introvert Whisperer

4 Fun Italian Vocabulary Games for Kids

4 Fun Italian Vocabulary Games for Kids Brooke Neuman Is your child having trouble memorizing Italian vocabulary? Below, Italian tutor Nadia B. shares four fun games that will help your child learn vocabulary while still having fun One of the keys to helping children learn Italianor any language for that matteris to keep it fun and encourage use of the language. The following Italian vocabulary games accomplish both goals. In between Italian lessons, play these fun games with your child. You never know, you might pick up a few Italian vocabulary words yourself! 1. Charades Chances are youre already familiar with the word guessing game, charades. Charades is a fun way to stimulate a childs imagination, and the best part is you can customize the game for whatever your child needs to work on. If he or she needs to work on memorizing verbs, for example, you can write different verbssuch as ridere  (to laugh),  scrivere  (to write),  pensare  (to think)on index cards, then ask your child to act out the verb. You can make it as simple or as complex as you like. The only rule is that all discussions must be done inyes, you guessed it, Italian! 2. Who Am I? Write out a list of individuals on small strips of paper; for example, linsegnante (teacher), la studentessa (student), il fratello (brother), lavvocato ( lawyer), etc.  If the child has a good understanding of Italian culture, you can try listing well-known Italian figures such as il Papa, Jovanotti, Dante, etc. Next, choose a strip of paper and tape it to the childs back so he or she cant see it. Then, have the child take turns asking questions in Italian about who she or he is. You can give the child suggestions for questions to ask; for example,  Sono maschio o femmina? (Are they male or female?), Quanti anni ho? (How old am I?), and Sono ancora vivo/a? ( Am I still alive?) As the questions become more complex, the more the child will practice his or her Italian vocabulary. If the child doesnt know a particular word,  encourage him or her to look it up or simple ask how to say it.  The game is concluded when the child has discovered his or her identity. 3.  I Spy First, gather a set of index cards. On half the cards, create a mark with a colored marker or crayon. On the remaining cards, write out the name of an object in the room. Keep the two sets of cards separate. Next, ask the child to choose a card from each pile. After choosing a colored card and object card, the child will have to identify the specific colored object in the room and form the sentence, I spy a ______.  If the child chooses the object door and the color white, for example, he or she will form the sentence,  Vedo una porta bianca. (I see a white door.) 4. Like/Dislike Gather a set of index cards and some dice. On half of the cards write the phrase, Mi piace/piacciono ___ (I like ___). On the other half, write the phrase, Non mi piace/piacciono ___ (I dont like ____).  Then, place all of the index cards in a bag. Next, ask the child  to pick a card from the bag and roll the die. Whatever number he or she rolls is the number of items or actions he or she must list. For example, if the number three is rolled, the child must list three things he or she likes or dislikes depending on which card he or she picked. Using these Italian vocabulary games will make practice fun and exciting! Encourage your child to come up with exciting alterations to the games, as there are many variations in how they can be played. Nadia B. teaches Italian in New York, NY. She graduated summa cum laude from New York University, with a double degree in Italian Language and Literature and Classical Music Performance.  Learn more about Nadia here! Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher Photo by  Marino González

Learn Italian by Working and Studying in Italy

Learn Italian by Working and Studying in Italy How Traveling Can Help You Learn Italian ChaptersRome: An Ideal City for Learning ItalianWhy Learn Business Italian?Italy’s Top Student CitiesWhy You Should Learn to Speak Italian in ItalyHave you always dreamt of learning Italian?  Has Italy’s rich history of art and architecture piqued your interest?Why not take a leap of faith and go to Italy to learn its beautiful romance language through cultural immersion?Not only will you discover a new way of life, it will also be a lot easier for you to grasp some basic Italian and practice your Italian pronunciation on your travels.Total immersion in the Italian way of life will make it far easier for you to improve your language skills and achieve fluency more quickly than by simply learning in the UK.If you’re learning Italian for beginners, you’ll find that spending some time in Italy will help you pick up a large amount of Italian vocabulary relatively quickly, just by listening to native speakers around you.You’ll also pick up useful everyday Italian words and phras es, so you can ditch the phrasebook and learn to develop your conversational Italian.These days, a lot of young people choose to go abroad for both long and short trips.Some simply go there for a holiday, others for a university language exchange or a work placement. No matter your reason for visiting Italy, you will learn valuable skills which will serve you throughout the rest of your life.So, maybe it’s your turn to try it. fascinating history.Founded 2000 years ago, Rome possesses treasures which will make you never want to leave!First of all, it’s important to know that Rome is in the European Union, meaning that anyone else coming from an EU country will easily be able to travel, live and work there.For the time being, this included UK citizens â€" so, take advantage of freedom of movement while you still can!So, this is an important point if you’ve got your mind set on Italy.Secondly, once you’ve arrived in Rome, you have two options: working or studying.Here’s what you need to know about working in Italy:There is no minimum wage set by the governmentThe working week can be anything between 40 hours and 48 hours at the maximumYou’ll be entitled to four weeks of holiday and 11 public holidays per yearTo protect yourself in the case of ill health or unemployment, register with Azienda Sanitaria Locale  (ASL)At 39.1% for 16 to 25-year-olds, Italy’s unemployment rate is higher than in other European countriesThe sectors that employ the most people are catering, business, administration and computingIf you want to study Italian in Rome, you have a choice of language centres:LSI Rome is a language school which offers Italian lessons for all levels and agesTorre di Babele has been around for 33 years and offers Italian language courses for allScuola Romit  is for young people who want to learn Italian whilst discovering the city of RomeWhen it comes to finding accommodation during your trip to Italy, the further in advance you find somewhere to s tay, the better.You can always rent with some of Rome’s residents, especially those who are also a part of the student population. This is an ideal way to throw yourself into the deep end and be completely immersed in Italian culture.Why Learn Business Italian?What is Italian useful for?What can fluency in speaking Italian do for your CV as languages such as French, German and Spanish are taking centre stage in the professional world?There are 61 million native Italian speakers around the world, so even if it’s not as widely spoken as its Latinate cousins, Italian will always hold importance on the continent.Contrary to what you may believe, Italy is not the only country where Italian is spoken.Italian is one of the four official languages of Switzerland, alongside French, German and the minority language, Romansch. Even though German is the most widely spoken language in Switzerland, Italian is spoken fluently by 8% of the population.Italian is also spoken in Croatia, in the re gion of Istria. This peninsula is close to Italy, and its culture is closely linked to that of Italy as it is a former part of the Roman Empire. So, if you’ve ever wondered about visiting Croatia, going to Istria is a perfect opportunity to test out your Italian skills!In Argentina, where nearly half of the population is of Italian origin, dual nationality is quite common and Italian culture is kept alive by the Italian Argentinians.Get your CV to the top of the pile with your knowledge of Italian ¦ source: Pixabay - TeroVesalainenAll of these international links represent opportunities for you to practice your Italian which will make you very attractive to future employers.Just two per cent of Brits have sufficient language skills to be able to take part in an Italian conversation. As the fourth most popular destination for British tourists, it comes as a surprise that so many of just have to rely on our Italian phrasebook when visiting the country.The 2011 census revealed that only 0.2% of UK residents can speak Italian fluently. In fourteenth place in the rankings of languages spoken in the UK, behind Polish, Arabic, Urdu and Spanish, those who speak Italian seem rare.One reason for this is the UK’s immigrant population. The other factor which affects these rankings is, of course, the languages UK citizens choose to learn as a second language.Modern European languages such as French, Portuguese and Spanish come above Italian, implying that fewer people learn Italian as a second language.This is largely due to the lack of opportunity to learn Italian in UK schools, however, there is an advantage to the rarity of Italian speakers in the UK.Although, as the old saying goes, ‘everybody speaks English’, speaking foreign languages such as Italian is a real asset in the world of work. And even if everyone does speak English, having the option of speaking to someone and negotiating with them in their native language can have a big impact.It may surprise yo u to know that Italian is the third most common native language in Europe. In 2012, 63 million people were using Italian to communicate â€" that’s 8.5% of the European population.So, if you end up working for an international company, or one that deals heavily with the rest of Europe, having Italian as a second language will put your CV a cut above the rest.This is especially true for certain sectors such as:ITBusinessTeachingCateringAdministrationThese are all areas in which Italy is a world leader in their research and expertise.And let’s not forget the large multinational Italian companies:Dolce GabbanaLavazzaPirelliGucciAlfa RomeoSo, what do you think? If you’re looking to work for a large corporation, speaking Italian will get you far.Italy’s Top Student CitiesWherever you are in your education, it does no harm to see if spending some time in some of Italy’s beautiful cities would suit you!Study Italian in the tranquil setting of Florence ¦ source: Pixabay - djedjRe gardless of whether you’re thinking about applying to university, choosing a destination for your year abroad or looking for a work placement over the Summer holiday, it’s highly likely that Italy will have something to offer you.Every student is different and has their own ideas about what makes a good student city.For example, some people may look for cities that:Have the best universitiesAre culturally richHave a low cost of livingHave the best nightlifeMilan and its Bocconi university come to mind when discussing the subject of Italy’s best student cities because of its academic prowess.Bocconi is known for its international business courses and its accessibility to work experience and placements.Milan is the ideal destination for fans of both football and fashion, who experience cultural immersion while doing what they love.From a cultural perspective, Florence is undoubtedly an Italian gem which is not to be missed. Santa Maria del Fiore and its incredible dome attracts thousands of visitors to the Tuscan capital every year.With its many museums and historical buildings to explore, Florence is a dream come true for anyone with a particular interest in the history of Italy.In order to preserve their unique culture, the city of Florence has resisted attempts by McDonald's to secure a place in the city centre.If accommodation costs are your main concern, forget Milan. Instead, go to Bologna or Palermo. Further away from Milan’s bustling tourist areas, these two towns offer more affordable living costs for students.When it comes to student club nights and general nightlife, Bologna is the clear winner. The city is one of the top Erasmus student destinations. In other words, you’ll never be stuck for a somewhere to party. Bologna is also known for its relaxed, no-stress atmosphere, which can be handy if you prefer calm environments.So, in addition to Rome, there are a lot of options when it comes to choosing a destination in which to study in Italy. Here are three particularly student-friendly cities: ·               MilanMilan is a pleasant city with is highly popular with tourists and offers several universities.Among these, you’ll find Politecnico and Bocconi.The Politecnico di Milano is one of Italy’s largest science and technology institutions. Famous for its status as one of the country’s best universities, it offers many engineer training programmes from undergraduate to master’s level.Politechnico is an ideal location to get certified in your specialism with a recognised degree certificate whilst learning a new language.Or business students, Bocconi University offers the necessary education for you to become an expert in your field.Bocconi offers high-quality teaching from expert professors, who will guide you on the path to success. ·               FlorenceThe city of Florence has featured on UNESCO’s World Heritage list since 1982 and is, itself, a symbol of the Renaissance.In addition to having produced Mat teo Renzi (former Italian Prime Minister) and Mario Draghi (President of the European Central Bank), the University of Florence is famous for its excellent teaching.If you’re looking for a destination for your year abroad at university, the University of Florence (or UniFI â€" Universita degli Studi di Firenze â€" as it is also known) will delight you.Studying in the birthplace of the Renaissance will give you the opportunity to learn Italian at the country’s historical centre. ·               BolognaWe can’t forget Bologna and its own university, Universita di Bologna. Founded in 1088, this university is one of the oldest in the country (and the world).Bologna: for those who love to party ¦ source: Pixabay - Rita MichelonWith its faculty for Latin history, which opened in 2015, studying here will give you the opportunity to learn more about the history of the Italian language and how Latin formed a basis for Italian grammar and vocabulary.Universita di Bologna offers modules in literature, Italian art history and conversational Italian classes â€" these are just a few examples of the classes which will help you in your learning about the Italian language and culture. ·               Other Italian Cities to ExploreThere are plenty of other towns and cities which are fabulous student destinations such as Naples, Cagliari and Bari.If you go to Naples, Europe’s oldest historical centre, you’ll witness a city fully of relics and evidence of a rich past.In Cagliari, you’ll find yourself at a crossroads of different artistic influences and tastes.Bari will give you the opportunity to study at either its polytechnic school, Università degli Studi di Bari, or Libera Università Mediterrenea.Once you arrive in Italy, you can make the most of your free time by travelling around the country. This is a great way to visit places such as Siena, Tuscany and Pisa with its famous tower.Why You Should Learn to Speak Italian in ItalyIf you decide to sign up to Ital ian language lessons, you certainly won’t be wasting your time.Regardless of your motives, whether you want to explore a new culture, get your dream job, or woo a lady, the Italian language won’t disappoint.But why should you go all the way to Italy to learn this language?Learning a language is generally far easier when you’re in an environment where it is spoken. If you choose to study Italian in Italy, you’ll be fully immersed in your new language every day, meaning that you’ll get to listen to it, speak it, and learn new words all the time.This means that once you return to the UK, your Italian listening comprehension, Italian pronunciation and your ability to use appropriate vocabulary in conversation will have dramatically improved.Cultural immersion is another way of saying that you’ll be dropped in the deep end. This is a great way to make your language learning count, as you’re far more likely to remember a word when you need to use it.Making Italian friends an d learning from them alongside your Italian learning is also incredibly beneficial.Passing from one language to another can slow the progress of the learner, so it’s important that you’re not tempted to seek out other English speakers and speak as much Italian as possible.When you’re spending time in Italy, listen to Italian radio, watch Italian TV and read Italian literature. Surround yourself with the Italian language to the point where you start to think in Italian â€" that’s when you know your second language is becoming second nature.Your ear will get used to hearing the accent that is used in your area, and you’ll soon be able to tell if someone is not local to your city. This will also make the pronunciation far easier to reproduce and you’ll sound less like a foreigner in Italy.Forging friendships with native speakers of Italian is great for your own language skills ¦ source: Visualhunt - Cole HutsonEven if you struggle to stay motivated from time to time, you†™ll always be looking for ways to progress and better get by in your new environment. The good news is that you don’t need to repeat grammar exercises to be able to learn â€" just go outside!If the idea of diving into a new culture without knowing any basic Italian scares you, you can always consider one to one tutoring. Whether it takes place at home or you learn Italian online, your Italian tutor will be able to teach you all you need to know before your trip to Italy. ·               Why Learning Italian is Easy for Native English SpeakersIt may surprise you to know that English shares some of its roots with Italian.This is because both languages are, in part, derived from Latin.So, if you want to learn Italian, learn French, learn Portuguese or learn Spanish, your knowledge of English will only help you.This is because all of these languages are romance languages, meaning that they come from the Latin that was spoken in Roman times. Since large parts of the English vocabulary come directly from French (a romance language), English shares a lot of similarities with this category of languages.You can easily start by finding Italian lessons in your local area â€" what are you waiting for? ·               Learning Italian for Professional PurposesAs Italy is home to a host of International enterprises, businesses both in the UK and Italy favour speakers of Italian over other candidates.Mentioning your Italian language abilities on your CV is a small detail that carries a lot of weight. Your language skills can open doors to new opportunities and career paths.If you work in the tourism industry, having a second language can be handy when dealing with clients and put you a cut above the rest in your company. ·               Learning Italian for FunItaly is a paradise for holidaymakers from all corners of the world looking for sun, sea and sand.If you often think about visiting Italy, you may want to start learning a few Italian words and phrases that can help you get by while you’re there.Speaking the local language is also a good way to get to know the area by talking to those who live and work there.We at Superprof hope that this article has helped you make a decision on visiting Italy and learning Italian.Don’t hesitate to search for your very own Italian tutor on Superprof.co.uk. Italian classes London will provide the most results.Happy learning!

Musical Theatre Audition Songs 6 Great Options for Kids

Musical Theatre Audition Songs 6 Great Options for Kids Sign up successful For girls: I Always Knew from Annie Warbucks  No need to be the zillionth young auditionee with Tomorrow. You can show them youre the perfect plucky orphan with a song from the lesser known SEQUELand it happens to be a lovely song! Gee Im Glad Im Nobody Else But Me! from Anne of Green Gables  This is a delightful uptempo number that is hardly overdoneperfect for the young soprano. Sayonara from How to Eat Like a Child The right performer can really get smiles and laughs out of the audition panel with this sassy and funny number. In fact, the whole show is packed with great options. For boys: When I Get My Name in Lights from The Boy from Oz  This is for the young song and dance manthe extrovert! My Best Girl from Mame This is a really effective ballad, and would work especially well if auditioning for a role like the lead in Oliver or any other show from the 50s-60s. Big Blue World from Finding Nemo Looking for something newer? Look no furtherthis show is great for young boys to sing from! Because this show is only performed at Disney World, you dont have to worry about everyone else walking in with this one. So there you have it! There is so much to explore out there as far as musical theatre audition songs go, but remember that the right material shows off both your voice AND personality, no matter what your age is. This video also has a few good recommendations for kids toward the end- Lastly, remember that working with a voice teacher is the best way to find the song or songs that are right for you.  He or she will have plenty of ideas about repertoire, both classic and new, that will suit your voice! Your teacher can also help prepare you for the big day and help you gain the confidence you need to really sell your song. And most voice teachers are knowledgeable about upcoming auditions in their respective communities, so they can help you or your child find local opportunities you may not normally hear about. Break a leg! Looking for  even more song ideas?  Check out our list 400+ songs to sing! Molly R. teaches online and in-person singing lessons in Hayward, CA. Her specialties include teaching beginner vocalists, shy singers, children, teens, lapsed singers, and older beginners. She joined TakeLessons in November 2013. Learn more about Molly  here! Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher Photo by Eva Rinaldi

How to Get the Most Out of Training and Gain Muscles

How to Get the Most Out of Training and Gain Muscles How to Start Circuit Training ChaptersCircuit Training: One Way of Total Body ToningOther Great Methods Besides CrossFit and Cross trainingOptimize Your Muscle Gain with the Power CircuitAdvice on How to Start Circuit TrainingCircuit training is a high intensity, strength training method that has existed for dozens of years and which is becoming more and more popular with athletes of all levels. Circuit training allows for muscle gain, increased endurance and bodyweight loss that is characterized by intense, short and repeated activity.You’re probably wondering what the advantages are of practising this technique of gaining muscle out of the diverse range of methods available to you: CrossFit, cross-training and classic weight lifting. Superprof invites you to discover the reasons why circuit training is the best way to boost your physical fitness, cardiovascular system and to burn fat â€" regardless of what level of training you’re in.Find a good personal trainer here. Ditch workout plans that aren't tailored to your goals and craft your own plan CalumDrama School Entrance Teacher 5.00 (15) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ToriSpanish Teacher 5.00 (1) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors OliviaSchool support Teacher 5.00 (2) £21/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarkESOL (English) Teacher 4.76 (17) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors YuweiChinese Teacher 4.33 (6) £19/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JenniferMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LouiseAutoCAD Teacher 5.00 (3) £60/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RickyPercussion Teacher 5.00 (7) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors NicolasGuitar Teacher 5.00 (2) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MyriamOrganic chemistry Teacher 5.00 (13) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JonathanEconomics Teacher 5.00 (9) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Oluwakemi im oleMaths Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AlexPhysics Teacher 5.00 (1) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AdamSinging Teacher 5.00 (14) £48/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ValentiniMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (2) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MilenaMaths Teacher 5.00 (5) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RashmiEconomics Teacher 5.00 (1) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsCircuit Training: One Way of Total Body ToningCircuit training is a specific method of training that involves weight exercises as well as bodyweight exercises accomplished in a series of short, repeated bursts without pauses for rest. Because of this resistance training method, you’ll be able to have a defined set of exercises in advance that can make for an interesting, interval training style workout routine. Before moving on to the next series of moves, you will have a rest interval.One main concern, whatever your gend er, is working on having a strong butt â€" one that can only be accomplished with physical activity. Luckily, circuit training is one of the ways you can accomplish this while losing weight and adapting it to your level.   This method doesn’t just help with losing weight in specific areas but typically involves upper body and lower body workouts.Circuit training is also a great way to work your heart health through cardiovascular exercise and improve endurance and stamina. Cardiovascular exercises are those that cause you to breathe heavily and is normally is characterized by total body movement.In fact, circuit training depends a lot on your respiratory system and your cardio abilities. Any athlete working with circuit training will be able to see the benefits on their heart and lungs through the weight training involved.In sum, circuit training requires little equipment, such as a kettlebell, dumbbell, barbell or medicine ball and can be adapted to all levels. Each workout shoul d include body workouts that work your full body and muscle groups. Some of the muscles you can expect to work are your biceps, triceps, glutes as well as muscles in your abdominal and leg region.Circuit training shouldn’t be confused with HIIT, which stands for high intensity interval training. While HIIT workouts are very similar to circuit training sessions, including using classic moves like squats and push ups, circuit training actually requires each move to be completed consecutively and without a rest break between them.Other Great Methods Besides CrossFit and Cross trainingCircuit training isn’t the only exercise program you can utilize if you’re training in sports â€" there are other methods you might want to check out, depending on your ultimate goal. Some examples, like CrossFit or cross training, can be equally as effective in providing training exercises for weight loss and for improving general, total body performance.CrossFit is a body workout that is derived fr om the CrossFit Inc. society and involves toning muscles, gymnastics, cardio training and more. Each day, a CrossFit athlete will have a WOD or workout of the day, defined for them in advance.Finding maps online that display gyms officially affiliated with CrossFit is a great way of finding a gym that is in your price range as well as willing to be adaptable to whatever sports level. The CrossFit method depends on discipline and intensity.CrossFit is different from circuit training in a number of aspects:Both can use materials like weights, but CrossFit tends to utilize heavier weightsCircuit training is centred around cardiovascular health while CrossFit centres around muscle gainCircuit training can be adapted specifically to womenCircuit training focuses on being a fat loss program that functions on working all parts of the body equallyOn the other hand, both training methods are very similar in many aspects, like the aspect of rest intervals. In both methods, this rest time tend s to be very short. Whether you’re at the gym with a personal trainer or simply workout out at home, both methods will leave you sweating with your heart pounding. Another similarity they share is the fact that both have a diverse range of body areas they focus on. You can combine high intensity cardio with your circuit routineCross Training is another training method you might be interested in to burn calories or body fat, which gets its name from the other two types but actually doesn’t have a lot to do with the two. Actually, cross training is generally used in sports played at the professional level and consists of training in a sport that is distinct to the one you’re already doing in order to reinforce different skills.This method allows an athlete to work on muscles other than the ones typically worked in the sport they specialize in. If you’re currently not training in a sport at a higher level, this method is probably not of interest.Optimize Your Muscle Gain with the Power CircuitIn order to work on specific areas of the body, athletes often turn to classic exercises and machines they can use that involves lifting weights. Weightlifting is one of the most classic methods of training that is characterized by completing the liftin g movement and then pausing between each rep of lifting.As you can see, this kind of workout is area-specific: arms, abdominal or legs â€" weightlifting allows you to train and build muscle in an efficient way. Comparing this to circuit training, instead of getting a general workout that works the whole body, classic weightlifting works specific body parts and is therefore very efficient in building muscle.Check for a personal trainer near me here.This, however, doesn’t mean that circuit training and weightlifting are  incompatible as training workouts. Weightlifting exercises can be integrated in a circuit workout framework and, going further, also combined with cardio exercise. For example, in order to move from a classic circuit training session, aimed for beginners, to a complex circuit training, aimed at muscular endurance, there exists one method called the power circuit.Circuit training has the advantage of increasing your metabolism, or metabolic rate, which is a result of the structure of the full body workout. After each rep, in which the body has a short recovery time, the body starts to burn fat. Methods such as the power circuit training are defined by fat burning exercises, with the number of reps adjustable to each level.For classic power circuit training, it is advised to complete 30 or 40 reps per move, with around 6 different exercises and 5 overall circuits. This framework isn’t static, though, and is meant to be modified according to skill level and the ability for whole-body movement.The efficiency of power circuit training can be traced to the explosive movements: each movement should be strategic and powerful in order for you to get meaningful results. Again, circuit training is based on time and not on the number of repetitions â€" something that applies to power circuit training as well.It’s also advised to alternate movements in order for variation in the areas you are working. This will give both your upper and lower body a wor kout â€" a full-body exercise routine where no muscle should be neglected.One session of power circuit training can be done in less than half an hour and gives you the intensity of weightlifting with the short time commitment of circuit training when compared to classic weightlifting.   There are many other ways to turn your power circuit training session into a cardio workout by incorporating both more anaerobic and aerobic exercise moves in each circuit. Practice circuit training with a friend or family member!Advice on How to Start Circuit TrainingCircuit training is a great way to increase cardiovascular fitness through weightlifting in order to experience both toning and realize your fitness goals. To get all the benefits of circuit training, you should prioritize good form.Your benefit from the total body workout of circuit training either with friends or alone, depending on what style of workout atmosphere you prefer. Regardless of what you choose, make sure your training environment is secure and safe.Completing strength exercises and body workouts for weight control is only one component to a healthy body. Paying close attention to what you feed your body and mind is an essential part of feeling and looking healthy.In order to reap the most fat burning and endurance building benefits out of the bodyweight exercises you do in this type of fitness program, eating a healthy diet will be just as important to building up your major muscle groups as the pushups and lunges you perform.Here are some examples of the types of exercises you’re likely to encounter in circuit training:Inverse crunchesRowingBurpeesJumping jacks or jump ropeMountain climber or jogging in placeTriceps or tricep dipsThe ideal circuit training is composed of a half hour of training and a half hour of rest. Each exercise should last anywhere from 30 seconds to 1 minute, with the same amount of rest time in between each move. What are you waiting for? Start your circuit training today!

One Students Opinion of Harvard University

One Student's Opinion of Harvard University Josef earned his bachelors degree in psychology from Harvard University. He specializes in psychology tutoring, Spanish tutoring, and a number of other subjects. Below, he shares his experience at Harvard University. Describe the campus setting and transportation options. Josef: The college campus setting was inspiringly picturesque, boldly embodying through its historic architecture Harvards timeless global role as the foundational brick-and-mortar exemplar of Western education. Because the college was founded within and built around the city of Cambridge, Harvards unique Ivy League campus boasts both urban and suburban components, as more rural regionsincluding but not limited to Concords Walden Pond, the National Historic Landmark popularized by the works of transcendentalist writer Henry David Thoreau, the most famous of which, Walden; or, Life in the Woods, was inspired during Thoreaus two year, two month, and two day stay in a waterside cabin contiguous to Walden Pond owned by none other than Thoreaus friend and mentor, fellow transcendentalist writer Ralph Waldo Emersonof the scenic state of Massachusetts lie within easy reach via either public or private transportation (i.e. Uber, Lyft, etc.). Not only do Bostons reliable T, as well as Cambridges extensive bus system and Harvards on-campus shuttle service, collectively provide ample opportunity for both on-campus and off-campus student travel, but Bostons Logan Airport also offers one of the most convenient, far-reaching national springboards for international travel, work, and study abroad opportunities, all of which are made excessively accessible to each and every undergraduate via the Office of Career Services, among multifarious other dedicated on-campus sites and services. Though there are buses, trains, and shuttles within walking distance of all dormitories, I personally found that owning a bike helped me get around campus more quickly, manage my time more effectively, and thus glean a more comprehensive Harvard experience, of which each and every prodigal Harvardian has his or her very own. One certain truth from firsthand experience living in the hallowed dorms: one needs neither a car nor even a bike to get around Harvards seamlessly-immersed quaint collegiate city-campus, as the greater Cambridge/Boston public transportation system is excellent and virtually every incredible resource available on-campus to undergraduates is easily accessible on foot. Finally, and most importantly, there was not a moment during my undergraduate career that I felt unsafe on campus; I always felt very safe. How available are the professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants? Josef: Most of Harvards professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants are warmly and welcomingly available, some openly over-and-above the contractual call of duty of even an Ivy League educator, perhaps because Harvard educators all seem to love what they do very, very much. To that end, regularand necessarily not-so-regularoffice hours are hosted weekly by each of the aforementioned, with academic advisers often generously offering 1:1 sessions even more frequently than weekly! Professors open-door office hours provided some of the most intensely intellectual discussions that could possibly occur on campus, consequently fostering truly free academic discourse among Harvards intelligentsia not only within, but also outside of, the classroom. I was so greatly impacted by Harvard Universitys phenomenal faculty that, having graduated in 2014, I still keep in touch with many of my former professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants, and even plan to work with some of them in the foreseeable future. How would you describe the dorm liferooms, dining options, location, socialization opportunities with other students? Josef: Dorm life at Harvard University was nothing short of spectacular in virtually every manner imaginable, from freshman fall all the way through senior spring, of course including but not limited to Annenberg Hall, on which the Harry Potter film franchise magical dining hall was widely rumored to have been loosely based. As an Annenberg frequenter throughout much of my freshman year and having seen the Harry Potter movies myself, I can safely say firsthand that the rumors are actually not so far-fetched; the similarities between the real Harvard and fictional Harry Potter dining hall are indeed quite uncanny! And whether it was magic, innovation, or inspiration, there was certainly a palpable aura in the air around the dorms at the college. Living in the dorms, I always felt motivated to not only be doing, but also to be doing outside of my comfort zone, which is such a rare phenomenon to find that it sticks with one for life. In terms of the rooms, I was always comfortable and had more than enough space for all my stuff, which was admittedly a lot, as I hadnt yet learned the value of packing light upon moving into college. Dining options were outstanding, not only because of the delectably delicious array of buffet-style gourmet meal options, but also and perhaps even more importantly because of the dedicated dining hall staff serving the gourmet meals to us hungry Harvardians. Indeed all of the colleges dining hall liaisonsand especially those of the Quincy House dining hall staffwere nothing short of a second family to me in my four-year home-away-from-home at Harvard. Aside from all that open opportunity for on-campus and off-campus networking, the opportunities afforded to Harvard students for socialization with other Harvard students are unrivaled. After all, Harvard literally has its own active Facebook just for Harvard students, though it looks little like the actual Facebook social networking site. After all, Facebook was created by none other than Harvard drop-out Mark Zuckerbergit is not at all an uncommon on-campus occurrence for Harvardians to take time off and even drop out altogether for the sake of investing in time-sensitive passion projects that soon become internationally-ingrained institutions, as with Bill Gates Microsoftso it makes sense that Harvard would have its very own fully-functional version of the social media moguls fan-favorite Facebook operational on campus. In addition to an intra-Facebook shared amongst Harvardians, there are more multifarious activities and multitudinous opportunitiesincluding intramural sports, Harvard Student Agencies (HSA), Harvard Business Schools (HBSs) Innovation iLab, and a plethora of other university-subsidized socially-geared gatherings and extracurricular activitiesfor both student-to-student interaction and socialization alike than any one human being actually has the time or energy to execute in a single undergraduate collegiate career. Perhaps thats why so many college undergraduates return to Harvard years later to earn their graduate degrees. Which majors/programs are best represented and supported? Josef: The best represented majors/programsuniquely coined concentrations at the collegeare as follows: social sciences, biological sciences, general history, economics, mathematics, engineering, physical sciences, life sciences, neuroscience, and, last but not least, psychology. I studied psychology not only because it was and is the most universally applicable concentration that I could practically apply within virtually any and every profession that my entrepreneurial spirit would ever endeavor me to declare, but also because I could see a technological revolution in the form of artificial intelligence and virtual reality on the horizon, a cross-section of science and entertainment that I very much hope to explore extensively throughout my multifaceted professional career. Harvard provided the best hub for psychological and neuroscience studies that any undergraduate institution could have provided, and indeed served as the quintessential springboard to a life of committed learning about the most fascinating subject of all: the ever-evolving human condition. Thus, Harvard did not do a good job; Harvard did the best job supporting my particular concentration of psychology. And not only did the college do the best job supporting my primary psychological concentration, but Harvard also did a stellar job supporting my secondary concentration and lifetime passion of film studies via both academia and Harvardwood, which have collectively prepared me very well for a lucrative career as a Hollywood screenwriter and producer, should such a pathway open up to me at any point in the foreseeable future and synergistically align with my multifarious other ambitions. After all, Im a natural-born storyteller with a growing slew of stories to tell who believes wholehe artedly in the potential power of modern media as a global impetus for positive social change, once a proper cutting-edge contemporary equilibrium between objective and subjective media is established. How easy or difficult was it for you to meet people and make friends as a freshman? Does Greek life play a significant role in the campus social life? Josef: It was honestly difficult not to meet people and make friends as a freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior. In fact, the best part(s) of my Harvard experience was/were the people: not only the huddled mass of hard-working Cambridge Harvardians emitting a tangible aura of inspiration and innovationa pall of contagious productivity, per sebut also each and every awe-inspiring person whose path my journey as an undergraduate fortuitously happened to cross. Every one of the inspirational individuals that I met at Harvard had a unique story to tell, which not only encouraged me to do better, but also to do more, and in doing more, to meet more people, and in meeting more people, to do more, and so on and so forth until senior spring. Not only did I find myself immersed in a productivity pall within Harvards hallowed halls, but I also found myself looped into a never-ending networking spiral, both of which influenced my ability to produce tangible, data-driven results in real-time during my time at the college. Upon graduation from the worlds most renowned learning institution, I quickly discovered that my four-year networking journey had effectively become fully habituated into a conditioned personal best practice, which allowed me to internalize one of the most important networking modus operandi of all: Its not what you know; its who you know. Greek life does play a significant role in the college campus social life, but, with that said, one certainly need not be affiliated with Greek life in order to reap the benefits of an infinitely fruitful networking career as a Harvard undergraduate. Many undergraduates and alumni alike do consistently claim, however, that the bonds formed among peers in Greek life and final clubs tend to be among the most cherished, beneficial, and long-lasting relationships forged during their four years. As an alumnus who remained virtually independent of the Greek and final club scene at Harvard, I can safely say firsthand that the relationships I formedboth personally and professionallyon that quaint Cambridge campus still are among the most cherished, beneficial, and long-lasting relationships extant in my life today. So whats the bottom line? Your Harvard experience is ultimately up to you, and as a rite of passage, do expect to meet at least a few awesome people during your unique, life-chang ing Harvard experience. How helpful are the Career Centerand other student support services? Josef: The Career Center and other student support services are incredibly helpful. No, seriously. I didnt realize myself prior to attending Harvard just how many resources the college offered, and upon graduation, I must say that I still dont really believe how many groundbreaking, world-shaping, and cutting-edge resources were openly available to me at such an incipient point in my academic career. Given that some people go a lifetime having rarely achieved or tragically never achieving the requisite resources for mere survival, I still find it unreal to this very day how much was available to me as a young Harvardian and how open to undergraduates Harvard was about the availability of its unbelievable stockpile of cutting-edge student resources. Not enough could even be said in an entire encyclopedia about the enormity of ever-growing resources available to Harvard undergraduate and graduate students alike, as well as the freedom afforded to such prodigal factotums to liberally experiment with said resources in order to customize their respective Harvard experiences and ultimately hone in on their prospective professional passions. Speaking of professional passions, as far as the question of whether or not many reputable companies recruit on campus, the simplest one-word answer to that question is: Yes! The more accurate, comprehensive, and objective answer to that poignantly-pragmatic question is: Yes, all of the most reputable companies recruit on Harvards campus. How are the various study areas such aslibraries, the student union, and dorm lounges? Josef: Harvard boasts one of the largest libraries in the country in Widener Library, but one of my personal favorite study areas happened to be right next door to Widener in the Lamont Library Multimedia Lab. I spent many a sleepless night in the Lamont Library Multimedia Lab editing countless video projects on iMovie and Final Cut Pro while simultaneously working on other assignments and studying for upcoming exams. In addition to the larger libraries, each of the dozen or so undergraduate Harvard dormitories offers its own smaller study, of which I subjectively believe that Quincy Houses Qube Library happens to be the coziest study spot; but again, as a Quincy Penguin sophomore through senior year, I am, of course, a biased source. In addition to the open accessibility of all libraries to all undergraduates regardless of housing designation, each library was also surprisingly under-crowded whenever I needed it (except during midterms and finals weeks, at which point all collegiate libraries are typically packed), easily available on foot from any dormitory, and spacious enough to spread out and perhaps even take a power nap upon arrival. The great geographical component of the colleges campus, though, is that whenever one library or study area happens to be over-crowded, another study spot always lies right around the corner. And as far as outdoor study spots go, it doesnt get much better than studying riverside on a clear, sunny day with your fellow classmates and future world leaders on the Charles River. The Charles River is perhaps as spacious a college study space as collegiate study spaces come! Describe the surrounding town. Josef: As far as school location goes, I could absolutely not have asked for a better place to live, breathe, learn, love, and network than the colleges surrounding town of Cambridge, with its neighboring city of Boston serving as one of the most salient springboards for national and international travel that the continental United States has to offer. Due to the ready availability of the public and private transportation system surrounding the Harvard campus, most students go to the downtown area of Boston rather frequently. However, despite the readily available public and private transportation services within the greater Cambridge/Boston area, some students claim that there is simply too much to do within the Harvard bubble of Cambridge to ever even dream of venturing into Boston. Still others prefer the quieter urban pleasure of downtown Allston to the modern urban bustle of downtown Boston, or even the quaint allure of nearby suburban Newton to the rustic rural quintessence of close-by Concord. Though I certainly prefer having more to do closer to home, I cannot say that I was one of those students who never made it to Boston. Having visited Boston (as well as Allston, Concord, and Newton) fairly often, I can safely say that there is not only plenty for a college student to do in Cambridge, but also plenty for virtually any type of college student to do in downtown Boston to occupy all four yearsand indeed an entire lifetimeat Harvard, not to mention on the campuses of all the other fantastic undergraduate schools in the historic city of Boston, each of which offers an additional networking opportunity with the planets future leaders just in case networking at Harvard simply isnt enough for those precocious networkers who got started getting started early on. Remember, aspiring graduates: your network determines your net worth. In addition to networking in Cambridge and Boston, there are countless cafes, bakeries, shops, bars, restaurants, clubs, theaters, concert venues, and music halls for more casual or informal gatherings, while there are also much more elegant ballrooms, museums, art studios, suites, and culinary institutions for more formal engagements, professional interviews, investor presentations, and celebratory occasions, as well as virtually anything and everything else that any type of college student could possibly want to do in four years between both contiguous cities. One quite simply cannot go wrong going to school in Cambridge, especially with the beautiful city of Boston never more than mere minutes away from any given point on Harvards expansive campus. How big or small is the student body? Were you generally pleased or displeased with the typical class sizes? Josef: Though the Harvard undergraduate student body is certainly largeover 6,600 students strong, excluding graduate studentsthe class sizes never felt very large at all. Even the most widely-taken freshman lecture(s) in Sanders Theatre and the most vastly-applicable courses taught in the Science Centers large lecture halls never exceeded a couple hundred students. Even to a student whose entire graduating high school class was about 200 students, a couple hundred students or less in a lecture courseand a freshman lecture course, at thatwas and still is relatively unheard of for an undergraduate class of over 6,600. As one progresses through ones own unique concentration track, the overall class sizes of each course become smaller and smaller while the course subject matter itself becomes more and more specific to ones own academic pursuits. Throughout the entirety of anyones undergraduate career at Harvard, however, everyone gets the opportunity to attend section meetings, in which the material from the lectures are reinforced and discussed within smaller classrooms, often in a roundtable-like conversational style not unlike that implemented in Camelot during the days of the Knights of the Round Table, althoughunlike the actual Round Table of Camelotthe tables in section meetings are frequently rectangular. I know that I was personally pleased with the class sizes, especially those of my more advanced psychological, psychopharmacological, and evolutionary psychology courses, which lent themselves toward freer classroom discussion, even in lecture! Describe one memorable experience with a professor and/or class. Perhaps one you loved the most or one youregretthe most. Josef: Though certainly not my most memorable moment at Harvard, one memorable experience that I had early on during my undergraduate career with a Harvard professor and a particular class involved world-renowned author, cognitive scientist, psychologist, and educator Steven Pinker teaching his college fan-favorite introductory psychology course: Science of Living Systems (SLS 20). I dont remember whether it was a Tuesday or Thursday lecture, but I do remember distinctly what and where I ate beforehand. I had gone to the Chipotleonly one option out of three or four competing Cambridge taquerasin the Square to grab a pre-lecture burrito: a true hand-crafted carnitas bombshell with white rice, pinto beans, mild salsa, corn, cheese, lettuce, a touch of sour cream, and a dab of guacamole. With more than enough time to spare, I sat down outside to eat a few nourishing bites before lecture and, of course, to casually people-watch in the Square: an undoubtedly timeless classical pastime of both many a Harvardian before me and many a Harvardian after me. Looking down from the microcosmic Boston bustle presented before me in the quaint form of cozy Cambridge to my brown Chipotle bag in anticipation of packing up to leave for lecture, I happened to notice the writing on the bag itself prior to wrapping up my burrito and placing it inside. The writing happened to be a quote from none other than Steven Pinker, the very same professor for whose SLS 20 lecture I was packing to depart: We will never have a perfect world, but its not romantic or nave to work toward a better one. I didnt quite know how to verbalize it yet, but Professor Pinkers quote resonated so deeply with me that, from that memorable moment on forward, I had become an impassioned observer and lifelong learner of the human condition. Furthermore, it was in that very next SLS 20 lecture taught by none other than Harvards very own Professor Pinker himself just as he had done so many times before in so many years prior that I first seriously considered studying psychologya cognitive social sciencerather than engineeringan applied physical scienceduring my time at Harvard. Steven Pinkers SLS 20 course was, in fact, the incipient reason that I chose to concentrate in psychology, though I only continued to be thoroughly impressed thereafter by all the dedicated faculty members with whom my undergraduate academic path ultimately ended up intertwining, as well as by the aforementioned enormity of cutting-edge resources available to undergraduates in regards to the cognitive sciences and psychological studies, including but certainly not limited to the latest functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology and the entire Harvard Decision Science Laboratory, should the appropriate initiative be taken by the student . Check out Josefs tutoring profile. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of Varsity Tutors.

2 Important TOEFL Preparation Tips

2 Important TOEFL Preparation Tips So, you have chosen the Anglophone country where you want to study, you have decided the university you want to attend and even the course you wish to complete. You know you need a TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) certificate to make your application, as this is accepted in 7,500 colleges in 130 countries worldwide. You have started revising your grammar, increasing your vocabulary and speaking regularly with native English-speaking friends, but what else do you know about TOEFL?The first thing to remember is that the TOEFL exam isn’t just a test of your knowledge of the English language, it’s also about strategy.Click here to take a free TOEFL Prep class with a native speaker via SkypeSo, what is your strategy? You might be pretty happy with your English but do you know what’s in store for you on the day of your exam?Tip One: Know The Format Ok, so you are taking the TOEFL exam, but will you be sitting the TOEFL iBt or TOEFL PBT format?The TOEFL iBT (See all TOEFL TOEIC Books) is the internet-based version while TOEFL PBT is paper-based.It is very important that you check with the institution where you will be sitting the exam regarding the format they will be giving you.There are some important differences between the two formats that could affect your performance on the day should you not be aware of them beforehand.The internet-based test is 4 hours 30 minutes long while the paper-based test is 3 hours 30 minutes long.The paper-based test does not include a speaking test while the internet-based test does.The internet-based test is offered 30 to 40 times a year but you will only be able to take the paper-based test on six days in the year.Tip Two: Know The Structure of The TestOnce you know whether you will be taking the internet-based or paper-based test it is important to know the structure of the test. TOEFL is called a ‘standardized’ test which means it follows a set pattern in all exams. As a result, the format of the exam shoul d not be a surprise to you when you sit down to take the test!TOEFL iBT Test StructureSectionTime LimitQuestionsTasksListening60 â€" 90 minutes34 â€" 51 questionsListen to lectures, classroom discussions and conversations, then answer questions.Reading60 â€" 100 minutes36 â€" 70 questionsRead passages from academic texts and answer questions.Break10 minutesâ€"â€"Speaking20 minutes6 tasksExpress an opinion on a familiar topic; speak based on reading and listening tasks.Writing50 minutes2 tasksWrite essay responses based on reading and listening tasks; support an opinion in writing.TOEFL PBT Test StructureTestSectionDescriptionTime LimitNo. of QuestionsTOEFL PBTListening ComprehensionMeasures the ability to understand spoken English30-40 minutes50TOEFL PBTStructure and Written ExpressionMeasures the ability to recognize language appropriate for standard written English25 minutes40TOEFL PBTReading ComprehensionMeasures the ability to understand non-technical reading material55 minutes5 0TWETest of Written EnglishMeasures the ability to write in English30 minutes1 topicIt is important to pay attention to the amount of time that is suggested on the paper you spend on each section and not go beyond this. If you do, you might not finish the test and this will be detrimental to your overall score.Remember that you might have wonderful listening and reading skills but if you do not get to the written section you will not successfully complete the test.Good luck. If you found this class helpful please share it in Facebook and Twitter.